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2014年9月23日 星期二

語態用法

一、被動語態:
1. 語態可分為[主動語態]、[被動語態]。

2. 主動語態中,動詞是由主動產生的;被動語態中,主詞是承受動作發生的人、事、物。
┌主動語態:主詞是[產生]動作者。
└被動語態:主詞是[接受]動作者。
主詞語態〉Dad mopped floor.
被動語態〉The floor was mopped.
被動語態〉The table was wiped this morning.
被動語態〉The picture was painted just now.

二、一般動詞的被動語態:
1. 基本句型:S. + beV. + P.P. ( + by + O.)
〉The car was washed by Dad this morning.
〉The cake was made by Mom.

2. 被動語態中,如需說明是誰做了此動作,則在人名前加上by;如果做動作者非強調重點,則「by + 生產動作說明」。
〉The story is written in English.
〉The story was written by Mark Twain.

3. 主動語態改為被動語態的方法:
主動語態:[1.S.] + [2.V.] + [3.O.]
被動語態:[3.S.] + [2.beV + P.P.] + [by + O.]
主動語態的句子〉I ate the apple.
改成被動語態的句子〉The apple was eaten by me.

4. 要形成被動語態的否定句,只需要在be動詞之後加上not。
主詞語態:The man didn't eat the cake.
被動語態:The cake wasn't eaten by the man.

5.要形成被動語態的疑問句,只需要將be動詞移到聚首。
〉Were these novels borrowed from Janice?

三、含住動詞的被動語態:
1. 基本句型:S. + Aux. + be + P.P. (+ by + O.)
〉The living room should be cleaned today.
〉The birthday party for James will be planned by us. 
→[主動語態] We will plan the birthday party for James.

2. 在被動語態中,如須說明是誰做了此動作,則在人名前加上by;如果動作者非強調重點,則「by + 產生動作者」可省略不提。
〉The story is written in English.
〉The story was written by Mark Twin.
3. 主動語態: 主詞 + 一般動詞 + 受詞
    被動語態: 主詞 + be動詞 + p.p. + by + 受詞

Example:
主動語態:I ate the apple.
改成被動語態的步驟:
    a. 先將原本的受詞the apple改為主詞。
    b. 在將動詞ate改為「be動詞 + p.p.」的型態:
        (1). 由於ate式過去式,因此be動詞也要選用過去式:was 或 were。
        (2). 因為主詞the apple式單數,所以be動詞也要選用單數的 was。
        (3). ate是eat的過去式,其過去分詞為eaten。
        形成被動語態:The apple was eaten by me.

4. 要形成被動語態否定句,只需在be動詞之後加上not。
    主動語態:The man didn't eat the cake.
    被動語態:The cake wasn't eaten by the man.

5. 要形成被動語態的疑問句,只需將be動詞移到句首。
〉Were those novels borrowed from Tony?

三、含助動詞的被動語態:
1. 基本句型:主詞 + 助動詞 + be動詞 + p.p. (+ by + 受詞).
〉The living room should be cleaned today.
〉The birthday party for James will be planned by us.
→本句的主動句型為:We will plan the birthday party for James.

2. 主動語態改為被動語態的方法:
主動語態: 主詞 + 助動詞 + 一般動詞 + 受詞.
被動語態: 主詞 + 助動詞 + be動詞 + p.p. + by + 受詞.
〉主動語態的句子:He can finish the work. 改為被動語態的步驟:
    a. 先將原本的受詞the work改為主詞。
    b. 保留住動詞can。
    c. 在將動詞finish改為「be動詞 + p.p.」的行式:
        (1). 已經有助動詞can,因此be動詞要選用原形:be。
        (2). finish的過去分詞為規則變化:finished。
    d. 最後將主詞he改為受詞him,並在受詞前加上by。形成被動語態的句子:
        The work can be finished by him.

3. 要形成被動語態的否定句,只需在助動詞後,be動詞之前加上not。
主動語態: We may leave the book here.
被動語態否定句: The book may not be left here (by us).

4. 要行程被動語態的否定句,只須將助動詞移到句首。
〉Should the environment be protected by us?

四、完成式的被動語態:
基本句型:主詞 + have/has + been + p.p. (+ by + 受詞)
〉Batteries have been prepared.
〉The bridge has been destroyed by a strong typhoon.
→本句的主詞句型為:A strong typhoon has destroyed the bridge.

五、現在與過去進行式的被動語態;
基本句型:主詞 + be動詞(am/are/is/was/were) + being + p.p. (+ by + 受詞).
〉The comic book is being read by Lucy right now.
    →本句的主動語態:Lucy is reading the comic book right now.
〉The meal was being prepared when I arrived.

六、授與動詞的被動語態:
授與動詞,如:buy、give、send、write...等,因為會有兩個受詞,因此會有兩種被動語態:
主動語態:Ann gave him a shirt.
被動語態:A shirt was given to him by Ann.
                    He was given a shirt by Ann.


縮寫:
S. :主詞、V. :動詞、beV. :be動詞、O. :受詞、C. :補語、P.P. :過去分詞
Aux. :助動詞、Adj. :形容詞、Adv. :副詞、PV:片語動詞、VP:動詞片語、nc.:可數名詞、pron.:代名詞、phr.:片語


2014年9月22日 星期一

Time to say Goodbye(Con te partirò) - Sarah Brightman & Andrea Bocelli

Sarah Brightman & Andrea Bocelli - Time to say Goodbye(Con te partirò)

〈〈Listen〉〉= click here to listen the music
〈〈Listen〉〉;= click here to listen the music(English)

When I am alone I sit and dream And when I dream the words are missing
Yes I know that in a room so full of light That all the light is missing
But I don't see you with me, with me
Close up the windows, bring the sun to my room Through the door you've opened
Close inside of me the light you see that you met in the darkness

Time to say goodbye
Horizons are never far
Would I have to find them alone
without true light of my own with you
I will go on ships over seas that I now know
No, they don't exist anymore
It's time to say goodbye

When you were so far away I sit alone and dream of the horizon
Then I know that you are here with me, with me
Building bridges over land and sea
Shine a blinding light for you and me to see, for us to be

Time to say goodbye
Horizons are never far
Would I have to find them alone
without true light of my own with you
I will go on ships over seas that I now know
No, they don't exist anymore
It's time to say goodbye

so with you I will go
on ships over seas
that I now know
No, they don't exist anymore
It's time to say goodbye

so with you I will go...

I love you

2014年9月21日 星期日

片語動詞(PV:Phrasal Verbs)與動詞片語(VP:Verb Phrase)的不同

片語動詞(Phrasal Verbs)是一種慣用語,它的組成是在動詞後方加上介系詞或副詞,而形成與原來動詞不同意義的片語,整個片語應該是當做動詞來詮釋。

>> Tom always makes plans for everything. He doesn't leave anything to chance.
>> Do you take me for a fool?

動詞片語(VP:Verb Phrase)是由動詞一個以上的助動詞所構成的。動詞片語是用來表示時態、語態、疑問、或否定。

>> The country's hope for democracy have been snuffed out.
>> John was laughing so hard, he spilled his coffee.
>> Have you done your works?


Refer to:
http://www.taiwantestcentral.com/Grammar/Title.aspx?ID=421
http://www.taiwantestcentral.com/Grammar/Title.aspx?ID=420

2014年9月20日 星期六

「過去式」與「現在完成式」的差別

1. 「過去式」用於表達「過去某時間點所發生的事」,僅強調過去某一課的事件,與現在這一刻無關聯。
2. 「現在完成式」除了描述過去的事,也描述過去發生的事與現在的關聯;也就是「當過去發生的動作到現在才完成、未完成、還在進行、或其結果影響至今」,都可以用「現在完成式」。

>> He lived in Taiwan two year ago. (說明「兩年前住在台灣的事實」,故用「過去簡單式」。)

>> He has lived in Taiwan for two years. (用「現在完成式」說明「兩年前住在台灣,且現在還在台灣」。)

3. 表「過去某一時間點」的時間副詞,例如:yesterday(morning、afternoon、evening)、last night(week、year...)、ago、then、at that time.....and so no,不可以用於現在完成式。

4. 上述部分時間副詞若接since之後,則可用於現在完成式。
>> I haven't had anything since yesterday morning.

>> They have been to China many times since last summer.

5. 疑問句When(何時)問的是某個確定的時間點,可用於「現在式」、「過去式」、「未來式」中,但不用於表持續性時間的「現在完成式」句型中。

2014年9月19日 星期五

現在完成式用法

1. 定義:凡表示過去所發生的事到現在才完成,或持續到現在,或其結果影響到現在的句型稱為「現在完成式」。

2, 「現在完成式」的基本句型:
主詞 + 動詞(have/has) + 動詞(過去分詞 / p.p.)
>> I have cleaned up my bedroom.

>> She has gone to school.

3. 「現在完成式」基本使用的三種時機。
a. 表「已經完成、剛剛完成、尚未完成」的動作;通常可與already、just、yet等連用。
 >> I Have done my homework.
>> We have just eaten dinner.
>> They  have already cleaned the house.
>> Has she finished the book yet?
>> He hasn't come home yet.
說明:just與already可用在肯定句;而yet須用在否定句或疑問句。
 b. 表「從過去持續到現在」的動作或狀態;通常可與How long...?、「for + 一段時間」、「since + 某個時間點」連用。
>> How long has your brother been a police officer?
>> I haven't seen her for a while.
>> The Wang have lived here since 1960.
 說明:since(自從)可當介系詞或連結詞用。
>> I haven't watched any movies since last summer.  (since當介系詞用)
>> They have known me since I was six years old. (since當連接詞用) 

ever(從來、曾經)

1. 副詞ever用於一問句中的完成語態,但很少用於回答用語。
>> Have you ever been to Hsinchu City?
> No, never.

2. ever也有[從來;在任何時候]的意思。通常用於否定句、疑問句,或是含有表懷疑惑條件成分的句子。
>> If you ever come to the U.S.A., don't forget to visit me.

連接詞用法

依類型分為:
1.          簡單連接詞:and, or, but, if, when…等。
2.          相關連接詞:both…and… ,ether…or… ,not only…but also…等。
3.          片語連接詞:as soon as, as well as, even if…等。
4.          尤其他詞類轉換而成:immediately(=as soon as), supposing(=if)…等。



依功能分為:
1.          對等連接詞:將字與字片語與片語子句與子句等,以對等的關係連結在一起的連接詞,如:andbutor…等。
2.          從屬連接詞:從屬連接詞,是用來引用名詞子句或副詞子句的連接詞,如:ifwhenbecause…等。

名詞子句 => I love you.
副詞子句 => [That I love you] is true.
I love you and you love me.
I love you if you love me. => 附帶條件(副詞子句)

[一、 對等連接詞]
and(和;並且;那麼)
1.      Soldiers moved quickly and quietly.
2.      The book is of use and of interest. => The book is useful and interesting.
3.      Everybody sat down and the meeting began.
4.      Hurry up, and you’ll be in time for the train.
5.      There are magazine and magazine in that bookstore.
6.      Go (and) buy some eggs. => Go buy some eggs.
[注意]在動詞come, go, see, try, write之後的and,可代替to不定詞中的to,即上句可寫成:Go to buy some eggs.
7.      Bread and butter is my favorite at breakfast.

[重點]相關連接詞both…and…
1.      He can speak both English and French.
From: He can speak English. + He can speak French.
2.      Both he and I are senior (junior) high school students.

連接副詞

表示意義
連接副詞
「選擇」
else(否則)otherwise(否則)
「相反」
however(然而)nevertheless(儘管如此)still(仍然是)
「說明」
yet(然而)on the contrary(相反地)on the other hand(反之)namely()for instancefor example(舉例)e.g.(=for example) i.e.(=that is/that is to say換句話說)
「結果」
therefor(所以)accordingly(因此)hencethus(因此)as a resultconsequentlyin consequence(結果)
「相連」
alsobesidemoreoverfurthermorein addition(此外)
「相似」
alsolikewisesimilarly(同樣地)
「時間」
then(然後)meanwhileat the same time(同時)
「結論」
in brief(簡而言之)conclusion(結論)
「強調語氣」
indeed(的確)anyhow(無論如何)in fact(事實上)
有時為了補充連接詞的不足,也會與連接詞一起出現。
and also(而且)and therefore(因此)and so(所以)but still(但仍然是)and then(然後)or else(否則)and yet(然而)

been to與gone to的差別

been to與gone to的差別:
在說明曾經去過什麼地方玩,會用have been或have visited; 如果是說明正在去什麼地方的旅途上或是已經在那個地方時,則用have gone to。
>> Samuel has been to Hawaii.

>> Samuel has gone to Hawaii.

Note: 在美是英語中,這兩種用法可通用。

2014年9月18日 星期四

跟認識的人說再見--簡單英文會話

[Goodbye.]
>> Goodbye.
>Goodbye.

>>Bye.

>>Bye for now.

>>Have a nice day.

>>See you later. (待會見)

[See you.]
>> See you later.

>> See you soon.

>> See you again.

>> See you next time.

>> See you tomorrow.

>> See you around. (住在同一棟大樓隨時有見面的機會。)

>> Catch you later.

[I'm off now.] (off有離開、離去的意思)
>> I have to go.
> Can't you stay a little long? (在多留一會兒嘛)

[Good luck!] (對遠行的人說的話)
>> Good luck!
> Thanks, I need it.

>> I wish you good luck.

[Have a nice day.]
>> Have a nice day!
> Same to you.

[Have a nice weekend.]

[Good luck.]

>> Break a leg. (對要到舞台演出的人說的話)

>> Go for it. (去吧!)

>> Hang in there. (加油!)

[Have fun.]
>> We're going to Taipei.
>Have fun!

>> Have a good time!

[Keep it up.]
>> Keep it up.
>Thanks for the encouragement. (encouragement:鼓勵)

[Don't work too hard.] (不要太累了!)
>> Take care.

>>Be careful.

[Have a nice trip.]
>> I wish you a pleasure journey. (journey:旅程)

>> Have a good vacation.

>>Bon Voyage. (法語,但現在已被當成英語使用)

[Have a good one!] (愉快地去玩吧!)

[I hate to run, but...](我不走不行了...)

[It was nice meeting you.] (使用在第一次見面的人要告別時。如果不是初次見面的人,請把meet改成see。)
>> It was nice meeting you.
> It was nice meeting you, too.

>> Nice meeting you.

[Please say hello to Sam(for me)](帶我向山姆問好。)

[Good night.]

[Come again.] (有空再來。)
>> Come again.
> I will.

>> Please come again.

>> I hope you can come over again.

>> I'd be glad to have you over again.

[Don't forget to bring something back for me.]
>> Don't forget to bring something back for me.
> Don't worry, I won't.

[Take it easy.]
>> Take it easy.
> I can't. I have a test tomorrow.

[I hope to see you again soon.]

[Call me later.]
>> Call me later.
> Okay, I will.

[Take care.]
>> See you later.
> Take care.

[Take care of yourself.]
>> Take care of yourself.
> Don't worry about me.

[I'll be back.] (我會再來的。)
>> I'll be back.
> You'd better(You had better)? (用於同輩)

>> I'll come back later. (我待會再來。)

>> I'll stop by later. (我待會再繞過來。)

[It's getting late.] (不早了。)
>> It's getting late.
> Let's go home.

[I've got to go.] (口語說法)
>> I have to go.
> I have to get going.



2014年9月17日 星期三

介紹與認識新朋友--簡單英文會話

[Ms. Chen, this is Mr. Liao, my boss.]
>> Ms. Chen, this is my boss, Mr. Liao.
>> Ms. Chen, I would like to introduce my boss, Mr. Liao(to you).
>> Ms. Chen, let me introduce my boss, Mr.Liao(to you).

[Nice to meet you.]
>> Nice to meet you.
> Nice to meet you, too.

>> Pleased to meet you.
> Pleased to meet you, too.

>> Very nice to meet you.
> Very nice to meet you, too.

>> How do you do?
> How do you do? (回答可用重複同樣的話)

>> It's a pleasure to meet you.
> I'm happy to meet you.

[May I have your name, please?]
>> I made a reservation for tonight.
> May I have your name, please?

>> What's your name, please?

>> May I ask who you are?

>> Who's calling, please?

>> Who are you?

>> What's your name?

>> What's your name?
> My name's John.

[I'd like you to meet a friend of mine.]
>> Hi, John.
> Hi, Joe. I'd like you to meet a friend of mine.

[He's a nice guy.]
>> He is a nice guy.
> He sure is.

[I'm glad to meet you.]
>> I'm glad to meet you.
> So am I.

>> I'm glad to meet you.
> The feeling is mutual.

>> Glad to meet you.

>> Good to meet you.

>> I'm pleased to meet you.

>> I'm pleased to meet you.
> Pleased to meet you, too.

[I'm really happy that I could meet you.]
>> I'm really happy that I could meet you.
> Same here.

[It's an honor for me to meet you.]
>> I'm Harrison Ford.
> It's an honor for me to meet you.

[Please call me...]
>> Nice to meet you, Mr. Smith.
> Please call me John.

[Don't I know you from somewhere?]
>> Don't I kow you from somewhere?
No, I don't think so.

>> Haven't we met (somewhere) before?

>> Haven't we met somewhere (before)?

>> Don't I know you?

>> You look familiar.

[Remember?]
>>Do you know that man?
>He's my father. Remember?

>>Do you remember?

>>Don't you remember?

[Oh, yeah, you're Mr. Smith!]
>> Oh, yeah. I do know you.
>>I know you, but I forgot your name.

[I'm not sure. Maybe.]
>> It's possible.
>> What's your name again?

[No, I don't think so.]
>> No, I'm afraid not.

>>No, I don't believe so.

[This is the first time we have met.]
>>Have you two met?
>No, this is the first time we have met.

>>We've never met before.

[Is Bob an old friend of yours?]
>> Is Bob an old friend of yours?
> Yes, I met him twenty years ago in America.

[I can't remember his name.]
>> I can't remember his name.
> Neither can I.

>> I can't recall his name.

>>His name escapes me.

[I leave it entirely to your kind consideration.] (consideration:體諒、體恤)
>> I'll leave it up to you. (都交給你去裁決了)

>> Please consider it. (consider: 是think about仔細考慮的意思)

>> I'd appreciate it if you could consider it.

[I'm John Henson.]
>> My name is John Henson.

>> My name's John Henson.

2014年9月5日 星期五

回應別人的道謝--簡單英文會話

[You're welcome.]
>> Thank you for everything.
> You're welcome.

>> My pleasure.

>>Don't mention it. *美國常用,英國、澳洲不常用。

>> No problem.

>> Not at all.

>> You are quite welcome.

>> That's quite alright.

>> Don't worry about it.

[I'm glad I could help.]
>> Thanks, you saved my life!
>I'm glad I can help.

參加文旦彩繪得獎作品


2014年9月4日 星期四

使他人鎮靜與冷靜--簡單英文會話

[Calm down.]
>> Excuse me. I'm lost.
> Clam down, Where are you going?

>> Oh my God! Oh, no! What am I going to do!
> Just calm down.

>> Cool down.

[Take it easy.]
>> Take it easy. Don't work so hard.
> I can't take it easy. This is due to in orning.

>> Don't over do it.

>> Don;t overextend yourself.

[Don't get so uptight]
*uptight: 緊張、焦慮
>> What? You mean I'm too short?
> Don't get so uptight.

>> Don't get so worked up.

[Don't be so stiff.]
Loosen up. 讓肌肉放鬆

[Kick back!]
>> Kick back, make yourself at home.
> Thanks!

>> Just relax!

>> Take it easy!

>> Just hang loose.

[Take you time.]
>> I'm sorry, I'm going to be a little late.
> That's okay. Take your time.

[There's no need to rush.]
>> Wait! I need to go to the bathroom.
> There's no need to rush.

>> You don't need to hurry.

>> No rush.

>>No hurry.

>>Don't rush on my account. 不必為我那麼急。